Journal of Chiropractic Medicine
Volume 8, Issue 2 , Pages 51-55, June 2009

The effects of smoking on intersegmental motion in the upper thoracic spine☆

  • Karen M. Dishauzi, DC

      Affiliations

    • Professor, Logan University, Chesterfield, MO 63017
    • ,
  • Tiffany M. Brey, DC

      Affiliations

    • Private Practice, St. Louis, MO
    • ,
  • Kelly A. Lady, DC

      Affiliations

    • Private Practice, St. Louis, MO
    • ,
  • Douglas W. Morris, DC

      Affiliations

    • Private Practice, St. Louis, MO
    • ,
  • Tejal D. Patel, DC

      Affiliations

    • Private Practice, St. Louis, MO
    • ,
  • Joseph D. Sas, DC

      Affiliations

    • Private Practice, St. Louis, MO
    • ,
  • John Zhang, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Director of International Center, Associate Director for Research, Logan University, Chesterfield, MO 63017
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Logan University, 1851 Schoettler Road, Chesterfield, MO 63011, United States. Tel.: +1 636 230 1920; fax: +1 636 207 2417.

Received 26 March 2008; received in revised form 17 December 2008; accepted 18 December 2008.

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☆ This is a self-funded study with no conflict of interests.

PII: S1556-3707(09)00027-3

doi:10.1016/j.jcm.2008.12.003

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine
Volume 8, Issue 2 , Pages 51-55, June 2009

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