Journal of Chiropractic Medicine
Volume 6, Issue 3 , Pages 87-93 , September 2007

Spinous process palpation using the scapular tip as a landmark vs a radiographic criterion standard

  • Robert Cooperstein, MA, DC

      Affiliations

    • Professor, Director of Technique and Research, Palmer College of Chiropractic West, San Jose, CA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Technique and Research, Palmer College of Chiropractic West, 90 East Tasman Dr, San Jose, CA 95134, USA. Tel.: +1 408 944 6009; fax: +1 408 944 6118.
  • ,
  • Michael T. Haneline, DC, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Associate Professor, Palmer College of Chiropractic West, San Jose, CA

Received 1 April 2007 ,Revised 15 April 2007 ,Accepted 20 April 2007.

References 

  1. Bergmann T. P.A.R.T.S. joint assessment procedure. Chiropr Tech. 1993;5(3):135–136
  2. Cooperstein R, Gleberzon B. In: Technique systems in chiropractic. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2004;p. 21–62
  3. Christensen MG. In: Job analysis of chiropractic. A project report, survey analysis and summary of the practice of chiropractic within the United States. Greeley (CO): National Board of Chiropractic Examiners; 2000;p. 125
  4. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ. Reliability of spinal displacement analysis of plain x-rays: a review of commonly accepted facts and fallacies with implications for chiropractic education and technique. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1998;21(4):252–266
  5. Lewis J, Green A, Reichard Z, Wright C. Scapular position: the validity of skin surface palpation. Man Ther. 2002;7(1):26–30
  6. Greenfield B, Catlin PA, Coats PW, Green E, McDonald JJ, North C. Posture in patients with shoulder overuse injuries and healthy individuals. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1995;21(5):287–295
  7. Sobush DC, Simoneau GG, Dietz KE, Levene JA, Grossman RE, Smith WB. The Lennie test for measuring scapular position in healthy young adult females: a reliability and validity study. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1996;23(1):39–50
  8. Magee DJ. In: Orthopedic physical assessment. 4th ed.. Philadelphia (PA): Saunders; 2002;p. 458
  9. Haneline MT, Cooperstein R, Young M, Ross J. Determining spinal level using the inferior angle of the scapula as a reference landmark: a retrospective analysis of 50 x-rays. J Chiropr Educ. 2007;21:104–105
  10. Broadbent CR, Maxwell WB, Ferrie R, Wilson DJ, Gawne-Cain M, Russell R. Ability of anaesthetists to identify a marked lumbar interspace. Anaesthesia. 2000;55(11):1122–1126
  11. Furness G, Reilly MP, Kuchi S. An evaluation of ultrasound imaging for identification of lumbar intervertebral level. Anaesthesia. 2002;57(3):277–280
  12. Cooperstein R, Gleberzon BJ. Toward a taxonomy of subluxation-equivalents. Top Clin Chiropr. 2001;8(1):49–60
  13. Plaugher G. The role of plain film radiography in chiropractic clinical practice. Chiropr J Aust. 1992;22(4):153–161
  14. Gibson MH, Goebel GV, Jordan TM, Kegerreis S, Worrell TW. A reliability study of measurement techniques to determine static scapular position. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1995;21(2):100–106
  15. Stonelake PS, Burwell RG, Webb JK. Variation in vertebral levels of the vertebra prominens and sacral dimples in subjects with scoliosis. J Anat. 1988;159:165–172
  16. Anatomy for Anaesthetists—Anatomy Relevant to Epidural and Subarachnoid Blockade, Anaesthesia UK. http://www.frca.co.uk/article.aspx?articleid=100361.
  17. CV 7—Surface Anatomy of the Respiratory System and Heart. From Cognitive Cardiovascular Notes, University of Manitobahttp://umanitoba.ca/faculties/medicine/units/cardiology/cvnotes/cv7.htm.
  18. From PTA 2102 Anatomy and Movement Course Notes, Murray State College Physical Therapy Assistants Program. Gary Robinson MS, PT, PCS instructor. http://www.mscok.edu/~grobinson/PTA2102/Surface%20Anatomy%20Practice.pdf.
  19. PASSOR Musculoskeletal Physical Examination Competencies List—Prepared by the PASSOR Task Force on Musculoskeletal Education, American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Jay Smith, MD, Chair. http://www.aapmr.org/passor/attachmt/msk.pdf.
  20. Grand Rounds Article: The Five-Minute Shoulder Exam, by Mario R. Taillon, MD, FRCSC. 2004 Continuing Professional Learning, University of Saskatchewan, Canada. http://www.usask.ca/cme/articles/fmse/index.php.
  21. Epidural Anesthesia, Raymond Graber, MD, 8/15/2000. University Hospitals of Cleveland, Department of Anesthesiology. http://www.uhcanesthesia.com/ClinDiv/Anesthesiology/Regional%20Anesthesia/epid/view.
  22. Kinesiology: The Mechanics & Pathomechanics of Human Movement, Oatis, C.A. 1st ed. 2004, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. xx, 899 p. Kinesiology of the Upper Extremity, Chapter 8—Structure and Function of the Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle. p 119.
  23. Doncaster & Bassetlaw Hospitals NHSFT—The Scope of Professional Practice—Training Package For: Insertion of Lumbar and Thoracic Epidural Catheters. Compiled by Steve Gosney (Advanced Anaesthetic Practitioner) (January 2005). http://www.wise.nhs.uk/surgery/NationalGoodPractice/downloads/4/4d8.doc.
  24. From Surface Anatomy IV: Musculoskeletal Examination of the Upper Limb, CHA 400/200 Developmental, Gross & Radiologic Anatomy Notes, Douglas Gross, MD, PhD. 2004 University of California, Davis.
  25. From Skeletal And Developmental Anatomy for Students of Chiropractic, p. 106, by Robert A. Walker, Owen Lovejoy, M. Elizabeth Bedford, and William Yee. Used at New York Chiropractic College, Seneca Falls, New York. Full text available at http://www.fadavis.com/related-resources/1-1886-1.pdf.
  26. Gross Anatomy Lab Instructions and Guidelines. PTH 1252 (Clinical Gross Anatomy 1) Notes, Northeastern University, Bouv College of Health Sciences, Physical Therapy. http://www.ptd.neu.edu/pth1252/LAB.doc.
  27. Shoulder Anatomy and Function 1—Occupational Therapy/Physical Therapy 7143 Control of Human Movement 1 Laboratory Procedures. University of Oklahoma. Dave Thompson, PT. http://moon.ouhsc.edu/dthompso/NAMICS/labs/shldr1.htm.
  28. The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomical Sciences, AN212 Lecture—POSTURE, Prepared by Dr Vaughan Kippers. http://www.uq.edu.au/~anvkippe/an212/posture.html.
  29. The Back—gp-training.net. http://www.gp-training.net/rheum/backpain/index.htm.
  30. From Musculoskeletal System Notes, NU 325 Health Assessment, University of South Alabama College of Nursing. http://www.southalabama.edu/nursing/baldwinco/325musculoskeletal.PDF.

PII: S0899-3467(07)00079-1

doi: 10.1016/j.jcme.2007.07.001

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine
Volume 6, Issue 3 , Pages 87-93 , September 2007